Archive for » 2009 «

Nov

Perinsip utama dari platform router network juniper adalah pemisahan antara Control dan Forwarding Plane di dalam router sebagai mana bisa di lihat pada gambar dibawah …

1. Routing Engine (RE)

Routing engine pada router juniper mempunyai fungsi sentral dari system dimana fungsi intelligence di operasikan pada bagian ini

- Routing engine 2

type routing engine ini banyak ditemukan pada router M series (M5, M10, M20, M40, M40e, M160) dimana spesifikasi umum nya adalah { processor 333 MHz, 765 MHz RAM ,80 MB internal flash memory, 6,4 GB hard drive }

- Routing engine 3

type routing ini banyak di temukan pada router T series (T320, T640) dimana untuk spesifikasinya { 600 MHz, 2GHz RAM, 128 flash memory, 30GB hard drive }

2. Package Forwarding Engine (PFE)

Package forwarding engine adalah bagian penting dari sebuah router juniper yang mempunyai fungsi untuk mengontrol kecepatan troughput dan capacity hal inilah yang membedakan router juniper dengan competitor sejenis nya, dengan menerapkan sebuah system yang disebut ASIC (Application specific Integrate Circuit) sebagi otak dari fungsi ini

dimana di dalamnya terdapat sub componen diantaranya sebagai berikut :

Forwarding Engine Board (FEB)

System Switching Board (SSB)

Switching Control Board (SCB)

Switching and Forwarding Module (SFM)

Memory Mezzanine Board

3. Software Architecture

Software JUNOS berbasiskan sistem operasi Unix FreeBSD yang bersifat open source sehingga mudah di modifikasi untuk beberapa fungsinya sesuai yang di butuhkan oleh software JUNOS dan dari kombinasi modifikasi diatas menghasilkan suatu kernel yang unik sebagai heart of the JUNOS software,

4. Boot Sequence

Pada router Juniper urutan booting sedikit berbeda hal pertama adalah menjalankan sistem POST (Power on Self Test) sama seperti di PC biasa untuk memverifikasi sistem componen dasar dapat beroperasi normal kemudian router akan mencari copy dari JUNOS software adan meload ke Memory, urutan booting dari router juniper dapat di lihat dari gambar dibawah ..

removable media menjadi urutan pertama saat booting pertama dari router kemudian router akan mencari copy dari JUNOS software disana kemudian meload nya ke memory router jika tidak maka akan melanjutkan urutun boot ke media berikut nya

Merlot (ttyp0)
login: user
Password:
— JUNOS 5.3R1.2 built 2002-04-30 01:40:52 UTC
—
— NOTICE: System is running on alternate media device (/dev/ad1s1a).
—
user@Merlot>

5. Command Line Interface (CLI)

Software JUNOS mempunyai dua mode utama pada CLI yaitu Operational dan Configuration, pada mode operational dapat menampilkan status router saat itu, dan dapat digunakan untuk memverifikasi configuarsi dan troubleshooting router sedangkan pada mode configuration kita dapat membuat ,menghapus atau mengedit suatu configurasi dan parameter router

Operational Mode

Confiuration Mode

user@Merlot> ?
Possible completions:
clear Clear information in the system
configure Manipulate software configuration information

file Perform file operations
help Provide help information
monitor Real-time debugging
mtrace Trace multicast path from a source to a receiver
ping Ping a remote target
quit Exit the management session
request Make system-level requests
restart Restart a software process
set Set CLI properties, date, time, craft display text
show Show information about the system

user@Merlot> configure
Entering configuration mode

[edit]
user@Merlot#

[edit]
user@Merlot# ?

Possible completions:
< [Enter]> Execute this command
activate Remove the inactive tag from a statement
annotate Annotate the statement with a comment
commit Commit current set of changes
copy Copy a statement
deactivate Add the inactive tag to a statement
delete Delete a data element
edit Edit a sub-element

6. Editing Command Line

Router menyimpan perintah mode operasi didalam buffer history sebagai mana yang telah kita ketikan terdahulu , hal ini mengijinkan kepada kita untuk mengulang sebuah perintah dengan mengakses versi sebelumnya lalu tentu saja untuk mengeksekusi nya dengan menekan tombol enter, ketika CLI (Command Line Interface) atau terminal emulator menggunakan vt100 sebagai karakter output, dengan bantuan panah kiri kana dan atas bawah fungsi tombol-tombol ini untuk memilih dan mengedit perintah yang terdahulu untuk kita gunakan kembali untuk menggukan mode ini kita tinggal ketikan perintah dibawah ini pada CLI

user@Merlot> set cli terminal vt100

7. Configuration mode hierarchy directories

sama dalam sistem operasi unix lain nya pada router juniper mempunyai hirarki yang mengatur file-file nya sesuai kelas nya masing , penting untuk mengetahui agar pengunaan dengan akses CLI bisa berjalan dengan baik .. berikut ada lah hirarki nya

8. Using Commit Command

Perintah commit adalah command router juniper untuk mengeksekusi konfigurasi yang akan di load ke router dimana ada beberapa options dalam peritah commit ini diataranya ;

Enter	Eksekusi konfigurasi
and-quit	Keluar setelah perintah commit sukses
at	Eksekusi pada waktu tertentu
check	Hanya mengecheck konfigurasi baru tapi tidak mengeksekusi nya
Synchronous	mensingkronisasi kedua routing Engine
confirmed	Automatis rollback jika tidak di confirm
\|	Pipe melalui command yang lain

contoh command yang di tujukan setelah perintah commit berhasil dan setelah itu user keluar dari mode configuration

[edit]
user@Shiraz# commit and-quit
commit complete
Exiting configuration mode

Category: Networking Tags: juniper, JUNOS, router, routing engine 4 Comments

Jul

My Little Star

uchan

Bintang kecil, dirimu terlihat di mata berkelip terang tak kenal letih

menyejukan malam menenangkan rembulan

meski terpadang indah tapi slalu saja terhalang awan

ingin ku lenyapkan awan itu tapi ak yakin itu punya arti untuk dirimu

bintang kecil, Slalu ada tanya dalam hati ini

ada apa di balik awan knapa kau selalu bersembunyi di baliknya

disini aku menunggu mu tak kenal letih untuk menampakan senyum

tapi entah sampai kapan.

Category: Life 2 Comments

Apr

When u can say.. You Ready for Marriage

uchan

when you can say ,,i ready to married ?

trusteeship, obligation and responsibility that the first think across my mind,

when the person i want full believe that she sincere to become trusteeship for me

When you think about tying the knot, you focus on actually being married not just the details of your dream wedding,You and your significant other have talked about big issues – like religion, kids, family, and commitment, and you are well aware of your partner’s quirks. And while they may annoy you at times, you are sure that you can live with them, and the last you and your significant other have complete trust for each other. Any jealousy issues are far in your past

what ever you choice ,,i hope u happy cin…

Category: Life Tags: Marriage Leave a Comment

Apr

Entities and Function of IMS (part 2)

uchan

6.Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MFRC)

The Multimedia Resource Function (MRFC) is need to support bearer-related services, such as conferencing, announcement to a user or bearer transcoding. the MRFC interprets SIP signaling receive via S-CSCF and uses the Media Gateway Control Protocol (MEGACO) or H.248 instruction to control the Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP). for charging purchasing, the MFRC is able to send accounting information to the CCF and OCF

the multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP) allocates user-plane resource as instructed by the MFRC

7.Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)

the Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) connect IMS communications to legacy CS user. all incoming CS call control signaling ex: ISDN,User Part (ISUP) or the Bearer Independent Call Control (BICC) message are converted into SIP and vice versa

for the lower signaling layer, a Signaling Gateway (SGW) convert standard SS7 MTP or IP-base SCTP (Stream control Transmission Protocol ) message into the TCP or UDP format and forwards them to MGCF

8.Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)

the Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) determines where signaling breakout to the CS domain occurs, if the breakout occurs in the same network, BGCF select an MGCF in the same network to convert SIP signaling into ISUP/BICC signaling to CS domain. if the breakout come in another network, BGCF select an BGCF in an different network, then other BGCF select own MGCF to convert SIP signaling to ISUP/BICC to CS domain

Category: IMS Tags: ISUP, MGCF, MRFP, Signaling Gateway, ss7 3 Comments

Apr

Entities and Function of IMS

uchan

In the IMS there are six categories

CSCF ===> Session management and routing Server
HSS ===> Databases
IW ===> Interworking Element
SE ===> Support Entities
CE ===> Charging Entities
AS ===> Application Server

1.Proxy –call session control function

the proxy call session control function is the first contact point for users within IMS, all SIP signaling traffic from or to UE go via the P-CSCF, it validates the request. forward to selected destinations and process and forward the response

an operator network can be contain one or many P-CSCFs, furthermore P-CSCF provide IPsec or ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload) for SIP signaling and interacts with PDF (Policy Decision Function) for media policing purpose, finally it contributed to the charging process by sending accounting-related info to the CCF ( Charging Collection Functions)

2.Serving –Call Session Control Function

the S-CSCF have a functions ;

Handling of registration request and users de-registration when needed
Mutual authentication between user and Network
Download of user information and service related data from HSS
Routing of mobile termination traffic to the P-CSCF and mobile originated traffic to the I-CSCF, Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) or the Application Server (AS)
Media Policing, a process that check the content of the user payload to find out whether it contains media type or codecs which are not allowed for a user
Accounting-related information to the CCF for offline charging purpose and to the online charging system (OCS) for online charging purpose

the serving-cscf is the brain of IMS an operator can include multiple S-CSCF with different functionalities

3.Interrogation –Call Session Control Function

the functions of I-CSCF is :

contact the HSS to obtain the name of the S-CSCF that serving the user, and S-CSCF assignment
forwarding of SIP requests or response to the S-CSCF
provisioning of accounting-related information to the CCF
provisioning of a hiding functionality an optional integrated topology hiding internetwork Gateway (THIG) can be used to hide the configuration, capacity and topology of the network from outside an operator’s network

for scalability and redundancy reason an operator network may contain multiple I-CSCF

4.Home Subscriber Server

the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) in the main data storage for all IMS subscriber and service –related data. the data stored in the HSS include user identities, registration information, access parameters and service triggering information

user identities consist of two types: private and public user identities .. the private user identities is a user ID that assigned by the home network operator and is used for purposes like registration and authorization. it can be compared to the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) in GSM network

the public user identity is the ID that other users can use for requesting communication with the end user. it server a similar purpose as the TMSI, Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity,in GSM

A special mechanism called the Subscription Locator Function (SLF) is implemented within I-CSCF, S-CSCF and Application Server , when separately addressable HSSs have been installed within the network, it is used a resolution mechanism to find the proper address of the HSS that holds the subscriber data for a given user identity

IMS access parameters are used to set up sessions and include parameters like authentication, roaming authorization and allocated S-CSCF names, Serving-treggering information enables SIP service execution the also provides user specification requirement for S-CSCF capabilities ,this information is used by the I-CSCF to select the most suitable S-CSCF for user

there can be more than one HSS in home network depending on the number of mobile subscribers, the equipment capacity and the organization of the network. communication between different HSS function is not standardized

5.Policy Decision Function (PDF)

The Decision Function (PDF) makes policy decisions base on session and media-related information obtain from the P-CSCF in Release 5 it is an integral part of the P-CSCF, it acts as a policy decisions point for service based local policy control

Service based local policy (SBLP) provides parameters for :

session identification ex: IP address, port numbers,bandwidths,etc
session authorization to PDF and GGSN depending on the requested bearer ex: Packet data Protocol or PDP context
session maintenance (PDP context modification or re-establishment)
session charging by passing an IMS-charging identifier to the GGSN and a GPRS-charging identifier to the P-CSCF

to be continue …..(^^),\/

Category: IMS Tags: AS, cscf, HSS, IMSI, PDF, SGSN, SLF One Comment

Apr

ATM description

uchan

ATM Overview

The cornerstone of ATM is the cell. the information flow, with different and varying bit rate, is uniformly into cell which consist of a cell header of five octets and a user part of 48 octets , ATM is a packet mode technique, but the delay in the work can be kept to a minimum because the cell have a fixed length

structure of ATM

format header of ATM

function and Concept

ATM layer

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a standardized method for exchanging information between different nodes in a transport network

Adding/Release header in ATM layer

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)

the different standardized ATM adaptation Layer (AAL) enhance the service provide by the ATM layer to sopport function by the next higher layer

AAL2 signaling (Q.2630)

The AAL type 2 (AAL2) signaling protocol (Q.2630) in standardized inter-node protocol and node function that control AAL type 2 point-to-point connections

TDM-related function

The Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) Termination, TDM cross-connection Circuit Emulation and Fractional ATM functions are provided in order to enable TDM related interoperability

1. ATM Layer

the ATM layer Provide the transport capability for exchanging of information between node in the a network by establishment between ATM connections between ATM nodes

the ATM connection type are virtual channels (VC) and virtual Path (VP) a VC a logical part of a VP, a VC connection (VCC) consist one or more VC link (VCL), a VP connection (VCC) consist of one or more VP link

2.Class specification of quality

The ITU-T has standardized a protocol reference model that shows similarity whit the OSI model .. the three lowest layer in the protocol reference model are :

Layer 1 – the physical layer
Layer 2 – the ATM layer
Layer 3 – the AAL layer

to enable transfer of both data ad isochronous service, the information must be adapted to the network in different ways, ATM has been divided into four service classes (A,B,C and D) on the basic of three parameters , the following protocol are defined for each pn of the classes

AAL 1
AAL 2
AAL 3/4
AAL 5

where AAL is not part of the cell header

the following three parameters are used for classification

Isochronous or asynchronous service
constant and variable bit rate
Connection oriented or Connection less Oriented transfer

3. Inverse multiplexing for ATM

Inverse multiplexing for ATM is a method that makes it possible for several physical link to carry a single ATM stream, the main advantages from this method increased robustness the traffic distributed on all physical links and in the case failure on one physical link, the traffic is distributed over remaining physical link, no traffic will be lost if the remaining capacity is sufficient, another important factor is that larger link result in a increased potential for statistical multiplexing gain

IMA Links

summary of ATM description

carries all type of network traffic
provides the theoretically unlimited bandwidth
guarantee high data rate and short queues
know no limitation as to the maximum distance
is not limited by the requirement of the several port and interface
does not depend of high protocol in contras in router base network
is standard accepted all over the world

Category: Telecommunication Tags: AAL, ATM, CBR, IMA 7 Comments

Mar

SS7 Suite

uchan

S7 signaling system was develop by CCITT, SS7 is a common channel signaling system, that mean only one channel that used for sending the signaling information, whatever the system has one bearer channel or multiple bearer

ss7-architecture

MTP-3

Message Transfer Part level 3 or MTP-3, it transfer message between the node of the signaling network ,MTP-3 ensure the reliable transfer of signaling message even the case the failure signaling link and signaling transfer point (STP)

mtp-3

Service indicator

Used for message distribution and some case perform message routing the service indicator using international signaling nework for following purpouse

service-indicator

Subservice field

The subservice field contain the network indicator and two spare bit to discriminate between national and international message

MTP-2

Message Transfer Part-Level 2 is a signaling link witch together MTP-3 provide reliable transfer of signaling message between two endpoint where directly connected signaling point

Routing Table

A standard routing table

Message Type Code

A one octet code which is mandatory for all message, the message type code uniquely define and format of each SCCP Message, existing message code are ;

CR Connection Request

CC Connection Confirm

Creff Connection Refuse

RLSD Release

RLC Release Complete

DT1 Data Form 1

DT2 Data Form 2

AK Data Acknowledgment

UDT Unidata

UDTS Unidata Service

ED Expedited Data

EA Expedited Data Acknowledgment

RSR Reset Request

RSC Reset Confirm

ERR Protocol Unit data Error

IT Inactive Test

XUDT Extended Unidata

XUDTS Extended Unitada Service

Mandatory Fixed Part
The part is mandatory and of fixed length for particular message type will be contained in the mandatory fixed part

Mandatory Variable Part
Mandatory parameters of variable length will be include in mandatory variable part
Optional Part

ISUP

ISUP is ISDN user part of SS7, ISUP define the protocol and procedures used to setup, manage and release trunk circuit that carry voice and data call over the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) . ISUP is used for ISDN and non-ISDN calls. Call that origin and terminate at the same switch do not used ISDN signaling, ISDN user part message that carried on the signaling link by mean signaling units, the signaling information field each of message signal unit contains an ISDN usep Part Message consisting of an integral number of octets

isup-package-structure

Category: Telecommunication Tags: ISUP, MTP, ss7 Leave a Comment

Feb

Andai kita bisa Mengatur arah datang nya Cint@

uchan

Manusia adalah mahkluk dengan beribu misteri yang ada di dalamnya, bahkan kita sendiri kadang tidak mengenal seperti apa dan sebenarnya karakteristik diri kita sendiri, ada suatu hal yang maha pencipta berikan kepada setiap mahluk ciptaaan nya ..yaitu cinta

someone.....

satu kata yang umat manusia tidak pernah bosan untuk mendengar kata itu mulai dari zaman nabi adam sampai saat ini, Cinta adalah sebuah pelajaran hidup yang kita tidak tahu kapan di mulai dan akhirnya dimana

sebuah perasaan kasih sayang dimana di dalam nya dituntut sebuah pengertian untuk saling menerima dan melengkapi antara sesama insan, terkadang cinta datang bukan dari arah yang kita harapkan dari sesuatu yang tidak pernah terpikir oleh kita karena jarak nya yang sangat dekat dengan diri kita, sangat dekat nya sampai terkadang kita tidak sadar ada benih-benih perasan yang terus terpupuk

akankah kita abaikan sebuah cinta yang datang demi menunggu cinta yang kita kirimkan kepada seseorang yang lain, berkorban demi cinta dengan mengorbankan cinta orang lain kepada diri ini apakah hal ini dapat dibenarkan untuk seseorang yang sedang menanti cinta sejatinya…

wahai tuhan yang maha pemurah dan pemilik cinta izinkan cinta ini berlabuh pada darmaga insan yang hamba mu impikan, sebuah darmaga yang akan menjadi naungan peri-peri kecil yang sholeh dan sholeha, sandaran bagi seorang nahkoda dalam mengarungi samudra menghadapi gelombang kehidupan menuju jalan untuk menghadap mu kelak ,,,,

Category: Life Tags: love 9 Comments

Feb

IMS ARCHITECTURE

uchan

We continue this discuses… about IMS, and now we talk about the architecture of IMS network

In IMS network there is overlay session/service control architecture on top of the package switch domain (GPRS,UMTS,WLAN..etc) based on IP technologies and IETF protocols (like SIP) in IMS there include some element like :

IMS CORE

S-CSCF is the main point of the home network
I-CSCF providing topology hiding / interrogation
P-CSCF Entry point for IMS world
MS (media server) media hosting special resources
MGF (Media Gateway) for interworking with legacy network
PDF (Policy Decision Function) for QoS control using policies

IMS Application

HSS (Home Subscriber system) for maintaining subscriber and the AS profile
AS (Application Server Function) for hosting application
IMS enabler as a specific with generic function
IMS endpoint for client the IMS system

IDENTIFICATION in the IMS

Identification is one of the most important abilities of a network, the user must be identified in any kind of network, in IMS have own way to identified the users and provide mechanisms to identified the service ,such as when the call be directed to the appropriated user, and the service need to be identified when they are provided, typically user a special number

Private User Identities each IMS subscriber has one a private user identities with the format NAI (Network Access Identifier) /RFC 2486 "user@operator.com" and it use for subscription identification and authentication

Public User Identification each IMS user can be allocated one or more public user identity,and it be a SIP URI or a TEL URI

SIP URI ex: "sip:first.last@operator.com"

TEL URI ex:"sip:+62-212-55-7695@operator.com; user=phone"

PSTNGateway it use for gateway interface with PSTN circuit switch (CS) network, it make IMS client to call the PSTN user or receive a call from PSTN user… there are is ;
MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) is the main rule of PSTN/CS gateway, it does call control protocol conversation and maps SIP to ISUP, it also control the resources in an MGW with H.248 interface
SGW (Signaling Gateway) provide an interface toward the signaling plane of the CS network, it transform lower layer protocol as SCTP (which is IP protocol) into MTP (which is a SS7 protocol), to Pass the ISUP from MGCF network
MGW use for interface whit media plane of the PSTN/CS network, the MGW can send or receive IMS media and can transcode when the codec cannot match

Category: IMS Tags: Gateway, HSS, IETF, IMS, IMS core, LinkedIn, MGCF, PSTN One Comment

Feb

Pendahuluan IMS

uchan

Dalam wacana ini penulis coba membuat miniatur jaringan IMS supaya para pembaca lebih mudah dalam hal mengimplentasikan nya …

IMS (IP Multimedia Service) yaitu salah satu fungsinya memanage teknologi dan service yang telah ada atau pun yang akan datang dengan menggunakan basis IP sebagai domain teknologinya kelebihan dari OpenIMS lebih bermain disisi sofware sebagai pengganti hardware yang dapat di ganti dengan PC server dan juga bisa dimodifikasi sesuai kebutuhan dengan gratis, Pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh FOKUS (Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication System) pada tahun 2006 di Jerman.

architecture dari jaringan IMS dapat di lihat pada gambar dibawah ini :

ims network

IMS tidak meberikan standar pada setiap service yang di berikan tapi hanya menyediakan layanan tersebut agar dapat berjalan dengan baik ,dan mendukung secara penuh turunan ayanan multimedia over IP,seperti VoIP,IM,Streaming,dll satu lagi yang menjadi keunggulan dari IMS bersifat modular dan open Interfacesehingga mudah di kembangkan secara terpisah

Sory gw lanjutin pake bahasa inggris .. Mohon maklum ya klo grammer rada2 nya ngacoo …

Lebih baik memulai sesuatu dengan berani dari pada gagal untuk berusaha memulai sesuatu..

At the present ,cellular network have already provide a wide range and the cellular user can access the internet using a data connection.. So way do we need IMS ?

As we know there are different domain in the 3G network they are the circuit switch (Iu-CS) and the package switch (Iu-PS), the Iu-CS carry the voice ,video and short message service (SMS), in the circuit network there are two different planes the signaling plane and the media plane

In the signaling plane include the protocol use to established the circuit switch path between terminal and the media plane include the data transmitted over the circuit switch path between the terminal

In the media plane include encode voice exchange between terminal

The 3GPP ( third generation partnership project) define the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) with two part MSC server and Media Gateway,

The MSC server will work for the signaling plane while the media gateway will handle the media plane beside of IMS has the signaling and media plane just as the circuit switch and the 3GPP

The first reason why we need the IMS ,it was to provide the service with QoS (Quality of Service), in the package switch domain provide best-effort service without the QoS, so the quality the VoIP conversation can change dramatically, example the person voice may sound perfectly clear but sometime that worse

The IMS allow the operator to control the Quality a user get, so that the operator can differentiated certain group of costumer from other

The second reason is to enable charge of multimedia session, the IMS provide the information about the service being invoked by the user and with this information the operator can decides whether used the flat rate for the service, apply traditional time base charging, package base charging, QoS base charging or perform any new type of charging

And the third reason for existence of IMS was to integrated service to user, service developer use the standard interface define the IMS so that the operator can integrated the service and create new service

The operator today want to provide more package switch services to users, that is the mobile internet needs to become more attractive to its users, if the IMS has been established so the aim is :

Combine the latest trend technology
Make the mobile internet paradigm come true
Create a common platform to develop diverse multimedia service
Create mechanism to boost margin due to extra usage of the mobile package switch network

Category: IMS Tags: 3G, circuit switch, cscf, i-cscf, openims, P-cscf, s-cscf One Comment

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